Also Adobong manok, Adobong baboy, Chicken adobo, Pork adobo
Chicken or pork braised in vinegar, soy sauce, garlic, bay and black pepper until the sauce is dark and glossy.
What makes it adobo
Vinegar, braised in until the sharpness mellows.
Plenty of garlic, bay leaves and whole black peppercorns.
Sauce reduced until it clings; often browned in its own fat at the end.
Where it comes from
Cooking meat in vinegar to keep it in the heat is older than the Spanish in the islands. Adobo is their word — for a marinade — which they gave to the local dish; what it was called before isn't known for sure. Soy sauce came later, from Chinese cooks, and most versions now have it.
It's often called the national dish, though there's no single recipe: every household, and every region, makes its own, and it keeps for days and is said to taste better on the second.
How it varies
Adobong puti
White adobo: vinegar and salt, no soy.
Adobo sa gata
Finished with coconut milk, as in the south of Luzon.