Also Neapolitan pizza, Pizza margherita, Margherita
A soft round of long-risen dough, topped simply — tomato, mozzarella, basil, oil — and baked for about a minute in a wood-fired oven until blistered at the rim.
What makes it pizza napoletana
A soft dough of flour, water, salt and yeast, risen long and stretched by hand.
A raised, puffy, spotted rim — the cornicione.
Baked very hot and very fast, soft and a little soupy in the middle.
Where it comes from
Flatbreads with toppings were sold on the streets of Naples by the eighteenth century, cheap food for a crowded city, and tomato joined them once Naples had taken to it. The margherita is famously said to be named for Queen Margherita, who visited in 1889 — its red, white and green the colours of the new flag — though historians doubt how much of the story is true.
The art of the Neapolitan pizzaiuolo is on UNESCO's list of intangible heritage, and the rules are strict: dough stretched by hand, never rolled, and an oven far hotter than any at home.
How it varies
Marinara
The older one: tomato, garlic, oregano and oil — no cheese.
Margherita
Tomato, mozzarella or fior di latte, basil and oil.
Pizza fritta
Folded around a filling and deep-fried — Naples street food.