Black olives pounded with capers, anchovies, garlic and olive oil, spread on toast.
What makes it tapenade
Capers and anchovies, not just olives.
Pounded coarse in a mortar.
Olive oil to loosen; sometimes lemon, thyme or a splash of brandy.
Where it comes from
The name comes from tapeno, Provençal for caper — the capers, not the olives, were the point. It's put out with bread and a glass of something before a meal, and spread inside lamb or under fish.
How it varies
Green tapenade
Made with green olives, often with almonds or basil.