Beef simmered in a thick sauce of ground walnuts, garlic and spice, soured with sour plum — a stew in the west of Georgia, a soup elsewhere.
What makes it kharcho
Beef, simmered until tender.
Walnuts ground into the sauce.
Soured with tkemali or tklapi; khmeli suneli, marigold and chilli.
Where it comes from
In Samegrelo, in western Georgia, kharcho is a thick walnut stew of beef, hot with adjika and golden with marigold, eaten with ghomi, a stiff cornmeal porridge. Across the former Soviet Union it became better known as a spicy beef and rice soup, and both go by the same name.
The sourness is the point: tkemali, the sour plum sauce, or tklapi, dried sheets of sour fruit, dissolved in the pot.
How it varies
Kharcho soup
Thinner, with rice and often tomato — the version known across Russia.
Chicken kharcho
Chicken in place of beef, in the same walnut sauce.